# Bitcoin Runes List: Top Runes by Holders and Mints

> Bitcoin runes list: every rune ranked by holders, with supply, mints, premine, burned runes and mint status, decoded from the runestones in Bitcoin blocks.

Markdown copy of https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/bitcoin-runes-list

**Question:** Which Bitcoin runes have the most holders and mints, and which can still be minted?

- Kind: Table in Voltfin Strata
- Topic: [Bitcoin](https://voltfincrypto.com/topics/bitcoin)
- Chains: Bitcoin
- Status: Planned. The data is not published yet, so this page states no figure; each figure will open its receipt when it is.

Runes are fungible tokens on Bitcoin, launched with the 2024 halving. A rune is created by an etching, issued by mints and moved by edicts, all written in a runestone: an OP_RETURN output in an ordinary Bitcoin transaction. Balances live on unspent outputs rather than in accounts, so this table decodes every runestone, applies the protocol's rules and adds up which outputs hold which runes.

Sort it by holders to see which runes are widely held and by mints to see which drew the most demand at launch, then filter it to runes whose mint terms are still open. Each row also shows how much was premined to the etcher and how much was burned, because a rune's supply is only as clear as those two numbers.

## Blueprint

One row: One row per rune, on the latest complete day

- **Rune** (`rune`): The rune's name with its spacers and symbol, as set in the etching.
- **Rune ID** (`rune_id`): The block and transaction index of the etching, which identify the rune exactly.
- **Etched** (`etched`): Date of the block that confirmed the etching.
- **Holders** (`holders`): Addresses whose unspent outputs carry a non-zero balance of the rune.
- **Supply** (`supply`): Premine plus completed mints minus burned runes, scaled by the rune's divisibility.
- **Premine** (`premine_share`): The etcher's premine as a share of supply.
- **Mints** (`mints`): Mint instructions that succeeded, shown against the cap where one is set.
- **Mint status** (`mint_status`): Open, not yet open, closed or minted out, from the terms and the latest block.
- **Burned** (`burned`): Runes destroyed by cenotaphs and by edicts to OP_RETURN outputs.
- **Transfers, 30 days** (`transfers_30d`): Transactions that moved the rune in the last 30 days.
- **Receipt** (`receipt`): The etching transaction and the block the row was read at.

## How it will be measured

- Runestones are decoded from outputs whose script starts with OP_RETURN followed by OP_13, following the Runes specification for etchings, mints, edicts and cenotaphs.
- Balances are tracked per unspent output; holders are distinct addresses whose unspent outputs carry a non-zero balance of the rune at the latest day's last block.
- Supply is premine plus completed mints minus burned runes, where burns include cenotaphs and edicts that send runes to an OP_RETURN output.
- Mint status reads the rune's terms (amount per mint, cap and height or offset window) against the latest block: open, not yet open, closed or minted out.

## Data it needs

- `bitcoin_inscriptions_daily` (to build): Inscriptions, rune etchings and mints, BRC-20 transfers, and the fees they paid per day.
- `address_labels` (to build): Labels for known addresses: exchanges, bridges, protocols, funds, treasuries, sanctioned addresses and known attackers.
- Source: Runestones in OP_RETURN outputs of every Bitcoin block since the 2024 halving
- Source: Rune balances per unspent output, computed under the Runes protocol rules
- Source: Etching fields: name, spacers, divisibility, symbol, premine, terms and turbo flag
- Source: Spends of rune-bearing outputs, for transfers and burns

## Questions

### What are Bitcoin runes?

A fungible token protocol on Bitcoin, live since the 2024 halving. Runes are etched, minted and transferred through data in OP_RETURN outputs, and balances are attached to unspent outputs, so they move with ordinary Bitcoin transactions.

### How do rune mints work?

An etching can set open mint terms: how much each mint creates, how many mints are allowed and when they may happen. Anyone can then mint by writing a mint instruction in a runestone, until the cap is reached or the window ends.

### What is a rune premine?

The amount the etcher allocates to themselves at creation, before anyone mints. Some runes are fully premined and have no open mint, so the table shows the premine as a share of supply.

### Can runes be lost or burned?

Yes. A malformed runestone, called a cenotaph, burns the runes in its inputs, and an edict can send runes to an OP_RETURN output on purpose. A wallet that does not understand runes can also move them by mistake: with no runestone, they go to the first output that is not OP_RETURN.

### What is a rune ID?

The block height and transaction index of the etching, written as two numbers joined by a colon. It identifies a rune exactly, while its name, made of letters with optional spacers, is for people.

## Glossary

- **Runestone**: An OP_RETURN output carrying a Runes protocol message: an etching, a mint, edicts or a pointer.
- **Etching**: The transaction that creates a rune and sets its name, divisibility, symbol, premine and mint terms.
- **Cenotaph**: A malformed runestone. Its input runes are burned, a rune it etches can never be minted and a mint it carries is burned.
- **Edict**: An instruction in a runestone that moves an amount of a rune to one of the transaction's outputs.

## Related apps

- [Bitcoin Ordinals, Runes and BRC-20 Activity](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/bitcoin-ordinals-runes-activity)
- [Bitcoin OP_RETURN Usage After Bitcoin Core v30](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/bitcoin-op-return-usage)
- [Bitcoin Transaction Fees and Mempool Tracker](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/bitcoin-fees-mempool-tracker)
- [Top Memecoins by Market Cap and Chain](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/top-memecoins-by-market-cap)
- [Bitcoin Halving Countdown and Block Reward](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/bitcoin-halving-countdown)
- [Bitcoin Hashrate and Mining Difficulty](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/bitcoin-hashrate-difficulty)

Build it in Voltfin Studio: https://app.voltfincrypto.com/signup?next=%2F