# Cross-Chain Intents: Volume, Solvers and Fill Times

> Cross-chain intents measured on-chain: volume filled by intent-based bridges and swaps, solver and relayer market share and deposit-to-fill times.

Markdown copy of https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/cross-chain-intents-solvers

**Question:** How much volume do intent-based bridges and swaps fill, who are the solvers and how fast are fills?

- Kind: Dashboard in Voltfin Vantage
- Topic: [Layer 1 chains](https://voltfincrypto.com/topics/chains)
- Chains: Multi-chain, Ethereum, Base, Arbitrum, OP Mainnet
- Status: Planned. The data is not published yet, so this page states no figure; each figure will open its receipt when it is.

In an intent-based protocol, a user signs the outcome they want, such as tokens delivered on another chain, and competing solvers or relayers deliver it from their own funds, then claim repayment. The protocol settles the result on-chain. This dashboard reads those settlements across intent-based bridges and swap protocols to show the volume filled, who filled it and how long each fill took.

Use it to compare protocols and routes, to see whether a few solvers fill most orders and to check fill times before relying on a route. Volumes and times come from the deposit and fill events themselves, matched by order id across chains, and every figure links to the transactions on both sides.

## Blueprint

### Overview

Volume filled, orders and fill times across intent protocols.

- **Volume filled** (USD): The value of intent orders filled in the selected period across covered protocols, at fill-block prices.
- **Orders filled** (count): Intent orders filled in the period, cross-chain and same-chain together.
- **Median fill time** (seconds): The median time from origin deposit to destination fill for cross-chain orders in the period.
- **Active solvers** (count): Distinct solver, filler and relayer addresses that filled at least one order in the period.
- **Volume by protocol** (USD): Daily filled volume split by protocol, with cross-chain bridges and same-chain swap protocols kept apart.
- **Busiest routes**: Origin and destination chain pairs by volume filled, with orders, the median fill time and the slowest fills in the period.

### Solvers

Who fills the orders, and how concentrated filling is.

- **Top solver's share** (%): The share of filled volume taken by the largest solver in the selected protocol and period.
- **Top five solvers' share** (%): The share of filled volume taken by the five largest solvers in the selected protocol and period.
- **Volume by solver** (USD): Filled volume of each solver in the period, with a label where the address is known.
- **Solvers compared**: Each solver's orders, volume, share, median fill time and the routes it fills most, in the selected period.

Filters: Protocol (Every covered intent protocol); Period (Last 7, 30 or 90 days).

## How it will be measured

- Cross-chain orders are read from origin and destination events: ERC-7683 Open events on origin settlers and fills on destination settlers, and Across SpokePool deposit and relay-fill events with the relayer address.
- Same-chain intent swaps come from UniswapX reactor Fill events, which name the filler, and CoW Protocol settlement Trade events, with the solver named in each settlement.
- Fill time is the destination fill's block timestamp minus the origin deposit's, matched by order or deposit id.
- Volumes are token amounts valued with stablecoin legs or oracle prices at the fill block, and each solver's share is its part of the filled volume.
- Every order links to its deposit and fill transactions on both chains, and protocols are added as their contracts are decoded.

## Data it needs

- `bridge_flows_daily` (to build): Deposits into and withdrawals out of canonical and major third-party bridges by chain, token and day, plus escrow balances at day end.
- `dex_swaps_daily` (to build): Swap counts and volume per DEX, pool and chain per day, decoded from Swap events, valued with stablecoin legs and oracle prices.
- `address_labels` (to build): Labels for known addresses: exchanges, bridges, protocols, funds, treasuries, sanctioned addresses and known attackers.
- `native_prices_daily` (to build): Reference prices of major assets read from on-chain oracle feeds (Chainlink latestRoundData) at each day's last block, with each round's update time.
- Source: ERC-7683 Open events on origin settlers and fill transactions on destination settlers
- Source: Across SpokePool FundsDeposited and FilledRelay events, with the relayer address
- Source: UniswapX reactor Fill events, with the filler address
- Source: CoW Protocol GPv2Settlement Trade events and the solver of each Settlement
- Source: Block timestamps of matched deposits and fills, for fill times

## Questions

### What is an intent?

A signed request for an outcome rather than a set of steps: for example, swap these tokens for at least this amount on that chain. The user does not choose the route; solvers compete to fulfil the request and are paid from the difference between what the user offers and what they deliver.

### What is ERC-7683?

A standard interface for cross-chain intents, proposed by Uniswap Labs and Across. It defines how orders are opened on the origin chain and filled on the destination, so a solver can serve many protocols with one integration.

### What do solvers and relayers do?

They watch for new orders, deliver the requested tokens from their own inventory and are repaid later through the protocol's settlement. They earn the spread or fee the user offered, and carry the risk of price moves and of delayed repayment.

### Are intent-based bridges safer than other bridges?

They change who carries the risk. The user receives funds from a solver instead of waiting for a message to be verified, so the solver bears the settlement risk. The protocol's settlement and repayment contracts still need to be secure, which this dashboard does not assess.

### What is chain abstraction?

The idea that users should not need to know which chain their assets are on. Intents are one way to get there: the user asks for an outcome, and solvers handle the chains, bridges and gas behind it.

## Glossary

- **Solver**: A party that competes to fill users' intents, delivering the requested tokens and claiming repayment through the protocol.
- **Relayer**: Across's name for a solver that fills cross-chain deposits on the destination chain.
- **Fill time**: The time between a user's deposit on the origin chain and the fill that delivers tokens on the destination.
- **Settlement**: The protocol step that confirms a fill and repays the solver, sometimes long after the user has received funds.

## Related apps

- [NEAR Intents Volume: Swaps and Cross-Chain Fills](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/near-intents-volume)
- [Bridged Token Backing: Locked vs Minted Supply](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/bridged-token-backing)
- [DEX Volume by Chain and Protocol](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/dex-volume-by-chain)
- [LayerZero DVN Checker: Bridge Verifier Settings](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/layerzero-dvn-checker)
- [Blockchain Revenue Rankings: Monthly League Table](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/blockchain-revenue-rankings)
- [Blockchain Fees by Chain: Daily Totals](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/blockchain-fees-by-chain)

Build it in Voltfin Studio: https://app.voltfincrypto.com/signup?next=%2F