# Ethereum Blob Usage by Rollup: Blobs and Fees Paid

> Ethereum blob usage by rollup: blobs posted, share of all blobs, blob fees paid, cost per blob and how full each rollup's blobs are, in one sortable table.

Markdown copy of https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-blob-usage-by-rollup

**Question:** Which rollups post the most blobs to Ethereum, and how much do they pay for them?

- Kind: Table in Voltfin Strata
- Topic: [Layer 2s](https://voltfincrypto.com/topics/layer-2)
- Chains: Ethereum
- Status: Planned. The data is not published yet, so this page states no figure; each figure will open its receipt when it is.

Rollups buy blob space on Ethereum to publish their transaction data, in type-3 transactions that carry one or more blobs. This table lists every rollup that posts blobs, one row each, with the blobs it posted over the period, its share of all blobs, the blob fees it paid and the average it paid per blob.

Not every blob is full. A rollup that posts often to keep its data fresh can pay for space it leaves empty, so where a rollup's batch format can be decoded, the table measures how much of each blob was used. Sort by share to see who buys the most blob space, or by fill to see who uses it best.

Rollups are identified by the batcher addresses and inbox contracts they post to, from a registry kept with the source of each address. Blob senders that match no known rollup are grouped as unattributed rather than guessed.

## Blueprint

One row: One row per rollup over the selected period, from Ethereum blob transactions

- **Rollup** (`rollup`): The rollup the blobs were posted for, from the batcher and inbox registry, or unattributed.
- **Stack** (`stack`): The software the rollup runs, such as the OP Stack, Arbitrum Nitro or a ZK stack.
- **Blobs posted** (`blobs_posted`): Blobs the rollup posted in Ethereum blocks over the period.
- **Share of all blobs** (`blob_share`): The rollup's blobs as a share of every blob included over the period.
- **Blob fees paid** (`blob_fees`, ETH): Blob gas used times blob gas price, summed over the rollup's blob transactions.
- **Average fee per blob** (`fee_per_blob`, ETH): Blob fees paid divided by blobs posted.
- **Execution gas fees** (`execution_fees`, ETH): Ordinary gas the same blob transactions paid on top of their blob fees.
- **Blob fill** (`blob_fill`): The share of blob capacity the rollup's data occupied, where its batch format can be decoded.
- **Rank change** (`rank_change`): The change in the rollup's rank by blobs posted against the previous period.
- **Batcher** (`batcher`): The address that sent the rollup's blob transactions, linked to its registry entry.
- **Receipt** (`receipt`): The block range and transactions behind the row.

## How it will be measured

- Blobs are counted from type-3 transactions in Ethereum blocks, one per entry in blob_versioned_hashes, and attributed to a rollup by the sender and recipient of the transaction.
- Blob fees are blob gas used times the blob gas price from each receipt, in ETH; the execution gas of the same transactions is shown in its own column.
- Blob fill is the bytes a rollup's decoded batch occupies divided by the blob's capacity, measured only for rollups whose batch format is documented; others show no value rather than a guess.
- Shares are of all blobs included in Ethereum blocks over the period, so unattributed senders count in the total.
- Every row links to the Ethereum block range and the transactions it was summed from.

## Data it needs

- `blob_usage_daily` (to build): EIP-4844 blobs posted per day, blob gas used, blob base fee, and the rollup that posted them.
- `address_labels` (to build): Labels for known addresses: exchanges, bridges, protocols, funds, treasuries, sanctioned addresses and known attackers.
- `native_prices_daily` (to build): Reference prices of major assets read from on-chain oracle feeds (Chainlink latestRoundData) at each day's last block, with each round's update time.
- Source: Type-3 transactions in Ethereum blocks, with blob_versioned_hashes, sender and recipient
- Source: Receipts' blobGasUsed and blobGasPrice for blob fees
- Source: A registry of rollup batcher addresses and inbox contracts, each with its source
- Source: Decoded batch data for rollups whose batch format is documented, for blob fill

## Questions

### Which rollup uses the most blobs?

Sort the table by blobs posted or by share of all blobs. The ranking changes with each rollup's activity and how often it posts, so the table shows the period it covers and each rollup's change in rank against the previous period.

### How much does a rollup pay for a blob?

It pays blob gas at the blob base fee of the block that includes its transaction, plus ordinary gas for the transaction itself. When blob space is below target, the blob base fee falls toward its floor, so the cost per blob can stay very small for long periods.

### Why are some blobs only partly full?

A rollup posts a batch on a schedule or when it has enough data, and a blob is priced whole whatever it holds. Rollups with little traffic often post part-empty blobs to keep their data on Ethereum current.

### How are blob senders matched to rollups?

From a registry of batcher addresses and inbox contracts, each recorded with the source that identifies it, such as a rollup's documentation or its contracts. A sender that matches no entry is listed as unattributed.

## Glossary

- **Blob**: A fixed-size block of data a transaction attaches for rollups to publish batches, kept by Ethereum nodes for a limited time.
- **Batcher**: The address a rollup uses to send its batches to Ethereum.
- **Blob fill**: The share of a blob's capacity that holds a rollup's data.

## Related apps

- [Ethereum Blob Fees and Blobs per Block vs Target](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-blob-fees)
- [Fusaka Upgrade Impact: Blobs, L2 Fees and Spam](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/fusaka-upgrade-impact)
- [L2 Profitability: Fees Earned vs Costs Paid to Ethereum](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/l2-profitability)
- [Ethereum Layer 2 List Ranked by Activity, Fees and Value](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-layer-2-list)
- [Base Chain Stats: Transactions, Users and Fees](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/base-chain-stats)
- [Ethereum TPS: Mainnet and Layer 2 Transactions per Second](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-tps)

Build it in Voltfin Studio: https://app.voltfincrypto.com/signup?next=%2F