# Orca Whirlpools: Volume, Fees and Liquidity by Pool

> Orca Whirlpools on Solana: volume, fees and in-range liquidity for every pool and fee tier, with fee yield on liquidity and the protocol's share of fees.

Markdown copy of https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/orca-whirlpools-volume-fees

**Question:** How much trades through Orca's Whirlpools, and which pools earn their liquidity providers the most fees?

- Kind: Dashboard in Voltfin Vantage
- Topic: [DeFi](https://voltfincrypto.com/topics/defi)
- Chains: Solana
- Status: Planned. The data is not published yet, so this page states no figure; each figure will open its receipt when it is.

Orca is a Solana DEX built around Whirlpools, its concentrated-liquidity pools. As on Uniswap v3, providers place liquidity in a price range and earn fees only while the price is inside it, and each pool has a fee tier suited to how volatile its pair is; some pools also use adaptive fees that rise when prices move fast. Trades often reach Orca's pools through aggregators rather than through Orca's own interface.

This dashboard reads every Whirlpool's swaps, the fees they paid and the liquidity in range at the end of each day, so it shows not only how much trades but how well each pool pays the liquidity that serves it. Fee yield is the fees a pool earned divided by its liquidity, and in-range liquidity sits beside total liquidity, because positions out of range earn nothing.

A share of each swap fee goes to the protocol rather than to providers. The pools page shows that share pool by pool and follows the transfers out of the protocol's fee accounts, so where it goes can be checked.

## Blueprint

### Overview

Orca's volume, fees and liquidity across every Whirlpool.

- **Volume, latest day** (USD): Swap volume across every Whirlpool on the latest complete UTC day.
- **Fees, latest day** (USD): Fees swappers paid on the latest complete day, before the protocol's share.
- **TVL** (USD): Tokens held in Whirlpool vaults at the latest day's last slot.
- **Liquidity in range** (%): Active liquidity at the current price as a share of all Whirlpool liquidity, weighted by value.
- **Volume by fee tier** (USD): Daily volume over the period, stacked by fee tier, with adaptive-fee pools as their own band.
- **Every pool**: Each pool's pair, fee tier, volume, fees, total and in-range liquidity and fee yield.

### Pools and tiers

Fee yield, fee tiers and the protocol's share, pool by pool.

- **Median fee yield** (%): The median thirty-day fee yield of the pools that hold most of Orca's liquidity, annualized.
- **Protocol fees, 30 days** (USD): The protocol's share of swap fees over the last thirty days, from each pool's protocol fee rate.
- **Fees by fee tier** (USD): Fees over the period split by the fee tier of the pool that earned them.
- **Fee yield and liquidity** (%): Each pool's thirty-day fee yield plotted against its liquidity, to show which pools pay the most per unit of liquidity.

Filters: Fee tier (Every fee tier, or all); Period (Last 7, 30 or 90 days).

## How it will be measured

- Volume and fees come from the Whirlpool program's swap instructions and the vault balance changes they make, one row per pool, valued at the stablecoin leg or SOL's on-chain oracle price at the slot.
- Each pool's fee rate is read from its fee tier and adaptive-fee settings at the time of the swap, and the protocol's share from the pool's protocol fee rate.
- Liquidity is read from each Whirlpool account and its tick arrays at the day's last slot: active liquidity at the current price and the full liquidity across all positions.
- Fee yield is a pool's fees over seven or thirty days divided by its average liquidity over the same days, annualized and labelled as past, never as a forecast.

## Data it needs

- `dex_swaps_daily` (to build): Swap counts and volume per DEX, pool and chain per day, decoded from Swap events, valued with stablecoin legs and oracle prices.
- `defi_tvl_daily` (to build): Assets deposited in DeFi protocols per protocol, chain and asset at day end, valued with oracle prices, never double counting receipt tokens.
- `protocol_revenue_daily` (to build): Fees users paid to each protocol and the part kept by the protocol or its token holders, per protocol and day, including buybacks.
- Source: Whirlpool program swap instructions and the vault balance changes they make
- Source: Whirlpool accounts: fee rate, protocol fee rate, adaptive-fee settings and current liquidity
- Source: Tick arrays of each pool at each day's last slot
- Source: Protocol fee account withdrawals
- Source: Pyth SOL/USD price account at the swap slot

## Questions

### What is an Orca Whirlpool?

A concentrated-liquidity pool on Orca. Providers choose the price range their liquidity covers, and swaps inside that range pay them fees. Each position is a token the provider holds, so it can be moved, used elsewhere or closed like any other asset.

### What are Orca's fee tiers?

Each Whirlpool has a fee tier set when it is created, from very low tiers used for stablecoin pairs to high tiers for volatile tokens, and some pools add an adaptive fee that rises with volatility. The fee tier charts show how volume and fees split across tiers.

### What is fee yield on Orca?

The fees a pool paid its providers over a period, divided by the pool's average liquidity, then annualized. It is a record of what the pool earned, not a promise, and it leaves out price changes and how a single position's range compares with the pool's.

### Why does in-range liquidity matter?

Only liquidity around the current price earns fees. A pool can hold a lot of liquidity that sits far from the price and earns nothing, so the dashboard shows active liquidity beside total liquidity for each pool.

### Where does the protocol's share of Orca fees go?

A set share of each swap fee is collected for the protocol instead of providers, and Orca's DAO decides how it is used, including ORCA buybacks. The pools page shows the protocol share read from each pool and the transfers out of the protocol's fee accounts.

## Glossary

- **Whirlpool**: Orca's concentrated-liquidity pool on Solana, with a fee tier and positions held as tokens.
- **In-range liquidity**: Liquidity whose price range includes the current price, the only liquidity that earns fees at that moment.
- **Tick array**: The accounts that store a Whirlpool's liquidity at each price step, read to rebuild its depth.
- **Fee yield**: Fees earned over a period divided by average liquidity, annualized, as a record of past earnings.

## Related apps

- [Raydium Volume, LaunchLab Tokens and RAY Buybacks](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/raydium-volume-launchlab-ray-buyback)
- [Meteora DLMM Pools: Volume, Fees and Dynamic Fee Yield](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/meteora-dlmm-pools-fees)
- [Jupiter Swap Aggregator Volume: Routes, DEXs and Fees](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/jupiter-swap-aggregator-volume)
- [Solana Network Stats: TPS, Fees and Active Wallets](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/solana-network-stats)
- [Stablecoins on Solana: Supply by Coin](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/stablecoins-on-solana)
- [DeFi TVL by Chain: Total Value Locked Rankings](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/defi-tvl-by-chain)

Build it in Voltfin Studio: https://app.voltfincrypto.com/signup?next=%2F