# ZKsync Era Stats: Transactions, Fees and Paymasters

> ZKsync Era stats by day: transactions, active addresses, fees after refunds, paymaster-paid transactions and how batches move from commit to proof to execution.

Markdown copy of https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/zksync-era-stats

**Question:** How busy is ZKsync Era, who pays its fees and how long do its batches take to be proven and executed?

- Kind: Dashboard in Voltfin Vantage
- Topic: [Layer 2s](https://voltfincrypto.com/topics/layer-2)
- Chains: ZKsync, Ethereum
- Status: Planned. The data is not published yet, so this page states no figure; each figure will open its receipt when it is.

ZKsync Era is the zk rollup built by Matter Labs and governed through ZK Nation, the holders of the ZK token. It runs EraVM, its own virtual machine, which Solidity and Vyper contracts are compiled for, and every account on it is a smart account. This dashboard follows Era's daily transactions, active addresses and fees, read from its blocks.

Two things set its fees apart. A paymaster contract can pay a transaction's fee for the sender, as a sponsor or in exchange for another token, and unused gas is refunded once a transaction has run. Era also publishes the storage changes of each batch to Ethereum rather than every transaction, so a fee depends on the state a transaction writes. The dashboard measures paymaster use, refunds and the cost of that data.

Batches move through three steps on Ethereum: committed, proven and executed. The dashboard times each step from the settlement contracts, since execution decides when a withdrawal to Ethereum can be finalized.

## Blueprint

### Activity and fees

Transactions, active addresses and fees on Era, with paymaster use and refunds.

- **Transactions, latest day** (count): Transactions sent on ZKsync Era on the latest complete UTC day, with priority transactions from Ethereum counted apart.
- **Active addresses, latest day** (count): Distinct accounts that sent at least one transaction on ZKsync Era on the latest complete UTC day.
- **Paid by paymasters** (%): The share of transactions on the latest complete day whose fee was paid by a paymaster contract rather than the sender.
- **Median fee after refund** (USD): The median fee per transaction on the latest complete day, after the refund of unused gas.
- **Transactions and active addresses by day** (count): Daily transactions and daily active addresses on ZKsync Era over the selected period.
- **Fees charged and refunded by day** (ETH): ETH charged up front each day, split into what was kept as fees and what was refunded, with paymaster-paid fees shown apart.

### Batches on Ethereum

How long Era's batches take to be committed, proven and executed.

- **Commit to execution, median** (hours): The median time from a batch's commitment on Ethereum to its execution, over the selected period.
- **Pubdata cost, latest day** (ETH): What Era paid Ethereum on the latest complete day to publish its batches' state changes, in blob or calldata fees.
- **Time per step by day** (hours): Daily median time from commitment to proof and from proof to execution, for batches settled that day.
- **Latest batches**: The most recent batches with their Era block range, transactions, pubdata bytes and the Ethereum transactions that committed, proved and executed each one.

Filters: Period (Last week, month, quarter or year).

## How it will be measured

- Transactions and active addresses are counted per UTC day from ZKsync Era blocks; priority transactions sent from Ethereum are counted apart from those sent on Era.
- Fees are what accounts finally paid: the ETH transferred to the bootloader for each transaction minus the refund it returned, both read from the transaction's logs.
- A transaction is paymaster-paid when the fee transfer to the bootloader comes from a paymaster contract instead of the sender; paymasters are labelled where their operator is public.
- Batch timing is read from the commit, proof verification and execution events of each batch in Era's settlement contracts, matched to the Era blocks inside it.
- Pubdata cost is what Era paid to publish each batch's state changes to Ethereum, from the blob and calldata fees of its commit transactions.

## Data it needs

- `chain_activity_daily` (to build): Transactions, active sending addresses, new addresses, contracts created and gas used on each chain per day, counted from blocks and transactions.
- `gas_blocks` (to build): Base fee, priority fee percentiles, gas used and gas limit for each block on fee-market chains, for a near-live gas tracker.
- `chain_fees_daily` (to build): Fees paid per chain per day in the native token: base fee and priority fee percentiles, total fees, and the share burned where the chain burns fees.
- `l2_activity_daily` (to build): Per layer 2 per day: transactions, active addresses, fees users paid on the L2, and what the L2 paid Ethereum to settle and post data.
- `native_prices_daily` (to build): Reference prices of major assets read from on-chain oracle feeds (Chainlink latestRoundData) at each day's last block, with each round's update time.
- Source: ZKsync Era blocks and transaction receipts
- Source: ETH transfers to and from the bootloader in each transaction's logs, for fees charged, refunds and paymaster payments
- Source: L1 messenger logs of the pubdata each batch publishes
- Source: Commit, proof verification and execution events of each batch in Era's settlement contracts
- Source: Priority transactions from Ethereum, from Era's priority queue events
- Source: Chainlink ETH/USD at day-end blocks

## Questions

### What is a paymaster on ZKsync?

A paymaster is a contract that pays a transaction's fee for the sender, either as a sponsor or in exchange for another token. Because accounts on Era are smart accounts by default, any app can offer this without extra infrastructure. The dashboard shows the share of transactions paid this way each day.

### Why does ZKsync refund gas?

Era charges a transaction for its gas limit up front and refunds what was not used once it has run, so the amount charged can be well above the amount finally paid. The dashboard reports fees after refunds, which is what users actually spent.

### How long do ZKsync Era withdrawals take?

A withdrawal can be finalized on Ethereum once the batch that contains it has been executed there, which follows its commitment and the verification of its proof. The dashboard times those steps for every batch, and the withdrawal times dashboard compares Era with other rollups.

### What is the ZK token used for?

ZK is the governance token of ZK Nation, which votes on upgrades to ZKsync's contracts and on token programs. Proposals since late 2025 aim to tie the token to network revenue; the dashboard shows a buyback or burn only once it appears on-chain.

### What is pubdata?

Pubdata is the data Era publishes to Ethereum so its state can be rebuilt: the storage slots each batch changed, compressed, rather than every transaction. A transaction that writes many new storage slots costs more in pubdata than one that only reads.

## Glossary

- **Native account abstraction**: Smart account features built into the protocol, so every account can set its own signature rules and have its fees paid by a paymaster.
- **Paymaster**: A contract that pays transaction fees on behalf of users, as a sponsor or in exchange for another token.
- **Pubdata**: The state changes a ZKsync batch publishes to Ethereum so anyone can rebuild the chain's state.
- **Bootloader**: The system program that runs every Era block: it validates transactions, charges fees and returns refunds.

## Related apps

- [Linea Stats: Gas, Activity and the ETH and LINEA Burn](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/linea-stats)
- [Scroll Stats: Transactions, Gas and Proof Finality](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/scroll-stats)
- [Starknet Stats: Transactions, STRK Fees and Staking](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/starknet-stats)
- [L2 Withdrawal Times to Ethereum by Rollup](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/l2-withdrawal-times)
- [Ethereum Layer 2 List Ranked by Activity, Fees and Value](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-layer-2-list)
- [Ethereum TPS: Mainnet and Layer 2 Transactions per Second](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-tps)

Build it in Voltfin Studio: https://app.voltfincrypto.com/signup?next=%2F