# Layer 2s

> Rollups and layer 2 networks: activity, fees, what each pays Ethereum to settle, blobs, bridges and how the layer 2s compare.

Markdown copy of https://voltfincrypto.com/topics/layer-2

Layer 2 networks run transactions away from Ethereum and settle them back to it. That leaves two sides to measure: the activity and fees users see on each layer 2, and what each layer 2 pays Ethereum to post its data and proofs. The apps here read both sides, so a comparison between rollups rests on the same definitions.

Bridges connect the two: deposits locked on Ethereum, withdrawals released after a delay or a proof. Their escrow balances show where the assets on each layer 2 actually come from.

## Apps

- [Ethereum TPS: Mainnet and Layer 2 Transactions per Second](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-tps) (dashboard, planned): How many transactions per second do Ethereum and its layer 2s process right now, in total and per chain?
- [Ethereum Layer 2 List Ranked by Activity, Fees and Value](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-layer-2-list) (table, planned): Which Ethereum layer 2s are the largest by transactions, users, fees and value locked?
- [Ethereum L2 Fees Compared: Cost per Transaction](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-l2-fees) (dashboard, planned): Which Ethereum layer 2 is cheapest for a transfer or a swap right now?
- [Base Chain Stats: Transactions, Users and Fees](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/base-chain-stats) (dashboard, planned): How many transactions, active addresses and fees does Base process each day?
- [LayerZero DVN Checker: Bridge Verifier Settings](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/layerzero-dvn-checker) (table, planned): How many independent verifiers must sign off on messages for each major LayerZero-bridged token, and which rely on just one?
- [Bridged Token Backing: Locked vs Minted Supply](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/bridged-token-backing) (dashboard, planned): Is each bridged token's supply on other chains matched by tokens locked on its home chain right now?
- [Ethereum L2 TVL: Value Locked in Rollup Bridges](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-l2-tvl) (dashboard, planned): How much value is locked on each Ethereum layer 2, and how much of it sits in canonical bridges on Ethereum?
- [Ethereum Blob Fees and Blobs per Block vs Target](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-blob-fees) (dashboard, planned): How many blobs are used per block versus the target, and what does a blob cost right now?
- [Fusaka Upgrade Impact: Blobs, L2 Fees and Spam](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/fusaka-upgrade-impact) (report, planned): What did the Fusaka upgrade change for blob capacity, layer 2 fees and Ethereum activity?
- [L2 Profitability: Fees Earned vs Costs Paid to Ethereum](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/l2-profitability) (dashboard, planned): How much does each Ethereum layer 2 earn from user fees, and how much does it pay Ethereum?
- [Top Ethereum L2s: Monthly League Table of Rollups](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/top-ethereum-l2s-monthly) (report, planned): Which Ethereum layer 2s grew or shrank the most this month by activity, fees and value locked?
- [Arbitrum One Stats: Gas, Activity, Timeboost and Priority Fees](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/arbitrum-one-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is Arbitrum One, what does gas cost there and what does the DAO earn from ordering transactions?
- [EVM Chain List: Chain IDs, Native Tokens and RPC Support](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/evm-chain-list) (table, planned): What is the chain ID and native token of each EVM chain, and which RPC methods do its public endpoints support?
- [OP Mainnet Stats: Gas, Activity and Superchain Revenue](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/op-mainnet-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is OP Mainnet, and how much revenue do it and the Superchain send to the Optimism Collective?
- [Linea Stats: Gas, Activity and the ETH and LINEA Burn](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/linea-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is Linea, what does gas cost there and how much ETH and LINEA has its burn destroyed?
- [Scroll Stats: Transactions, Gas and Proof Finality](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/scroll-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is Scroll, what do its transactions cost and how long does Ethereum take to finalize them?
- [ZKsync Era Stats: Transactions, Fees and Paymasters](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/zksync-era-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is ZKsync Era, who pays its fees and how long do its batches take to be proven and executed?
- [Mantle Network Stats: Activity, MNT Gas and mETH](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/mantle-network-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is Mantle, what does gas cost in MNT and what does Mantle pay Ethereum to settle?
- [Blast Network Stats: Native Yield, Activity and Gas](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/blast-network-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is Blast, what yield do ETH and USDB balances earn there and how much gas have apps claimed back?
- [Unichain Stats: Transactions, Gas and Uniswap Trading](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/unichain-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is Unichain, how much trading runs on it and how much of its sequencer revenue reaches the UNI burn?
- [World Chain Stats: Activity, Gas and Priority Blockspace for Humans](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/world-chain-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is World Chain, and how much of its block space goes to verified humans through priority blockspace?
- [Starknet Stats: Transactions, STRK Fees and Staking](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/starknet-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is Starknet, what do its STRK fees pay for and how much STRK and BTC is staked with its validators?
- [L2 Bridge Flows: Net Deposits from Ethereum by Chain](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/l2-bridge-flows) (dashboard, planned): Which layer 2s are gaining or losing assets through their canonical bridges with Ethereum?
- [L2 Withdrawal Times to Ethereum by Rollup](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/l2-withdrawal-times) (dashboard, planned): How long does a native withdrawal from each layer 2 to Ethereum take right now?
- [OP Stack Chains: The Superchain List Compared](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/op-stack-superchain-chains) (table, planned): Which chains run on the OP Stack, which belong to the Superchain and how do they compare?
- [Arbitrum Orbit Chains: Rollups and L3s Built on Arbitrum](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/arbitrum-orbit-chains) (table, planned): Which chains are built with Arbitrum's Orbit stack, where do they settle and how do they compare?
- [Across Protocol Bridge: Volume, Relayer Fees and Fill Times](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/across-bridge-volume) (dashboard, planned): How much moves through the Across bridge on each route, what does it cost and how fast do relayers fill it?
- [Base Monthly Report: Activity, Fees, Costs and Apps](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/base-monthly-report) (report, planned): How much was Base used this month, what did it earn against what it paid Ethereum and which apps drove it?
- [WETH and Wrapped BTC Token Addresses by Chain](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/wrapped-btc-eth-token-addresses) (table, planned): What is the WETH, WBTC or cbBTC contract address on each chain, and who issues or backs each one?
- [Ink Chain Stats: Activity, Gas and DeFi on Kraken's Layer 2](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ink-chain-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is Ink, how often is its gas paid in stablecoins and how much DeFi runs on it?
- [Katana Network Stats: Activity, Vault Bridge Yield and DeFi](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/katana-network-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is Katana, how much sits in Vault Bridge earning yield and how much liquidity does the chain own?
- [Ethereum Blob Usage by Rollup: Blobs and Fees Paid](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-blob-usage-by-rollup) (table, planned): Which rollups post the most blobs to Ethereum, and how much do they pay for them?
- [Rollup Decentralization: Upgrade Keys and Exit Windows](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/rollup-decentralization) (table, planned): Who can upgrade each rollup's bridge contracts, and how much notice do users get before an upgrade?
- [L2 Sequencer Uptime: Block Production Gaps by Chain](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/l2-sequencer-uptime) (dashboard, planned): Is each Ethereum layer 2 producing blocks on schedule, and when did block production last stall?
- [Celestia Blobspace: Data Posted, Blob Fees and Rollups](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/celestia-blobspace) (dashboard, planned): How much data do rollups post to Celestia, what do they pay for it and how does the cost compare with Ethereum blobs?
- [EigenDA Tracker: Data Availability Usage, Operators and Stake](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/eigenda-tracker) (dashboard, planned): Which rollups use EigenDA, how much data do they post and how much restaked stake secures it?
- [ZK Proving Markets: Proof Requests and Prover Rewards](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/zk-proving-markets) (dashboard, planned): How many ZK proofs are bought on decentralized proving markets, what do they cost and what do provers earn?
- [Ethereum Gas Tracker](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-gas-tracker) (dashboard, planned): How much does an Ethereum transaction cost right now?
- [Stablecoins on Base: Supply and Transfers](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/stablecoins-on-base) (dashboard, planned): How much stablecoin supply is on Base, and how many transfers and senders use it each day?
- [Ethereum Monthly Report: Fees, Supply, Staking and L2s](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ethereum-monthly-report) (report, planned): What changed on Ethereum this month in fees, supply, staking and layer 2 activity?
- [Aerodrome Finance on Base: Volume, Fees, Votes and Aero](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/aerodrome-finance-base-dex) (dashboard, planned): How much trades on Aerodrome, which pools do votes reward and how much of its liquidity has moved to Aero?
- [Lighter Perp DEX: Volume, Open Interest, LLP and Deposits](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/lighter-perp-dex-volume-llp) (dashboard, planned): How much trades on Lighter, how much USDC backs it on Ethereum and what has LLP returned?
- [Celo Network Stats: Transactions, Stablecoins and Gas Currencies](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/celo-network-stats) (dashboard, planned): How much is Celo used, and how many transactions pay gas in stablecoins?
- [Velodrome Finance: Volume and Votes on OP Mainnet and Superchain](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/velodrome-finance-superchain-dex) (dashboard, planned): How much trades on Velodrome across OP Mainnet and the Superchain, and how much VELO has converted to the new AERO?
- [USDC CCTP and USDT0 Cross-Chain Flows](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/usdc-cctp-usdt0-cross-chain-flows) (dashboard, planned): How much USDC and USDT moves between chains through CCTP and USDT0 each day, and on which routes?
- [Renzo ezETH Tracker: Supply, Restaked Assets and L2 Deposits](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/renzo-ezeth-tracker) (dashboard, planned): What backs ezETH, and how much ezETH on layer 2s is still waiting for its ETH to reach Ethereum?
- [Bitcoin L2 and Sidechain BTC Locked: Rootstock, Stacks, Liquid, Mezo](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/bitcoin-l2-btc-locked) (dashboard, planned): How much BTC is locked in Bitcoin L2s and sidechains, and who controls it?
- [Base Token Launches: Zora Coins and Clanker Tokens per Day](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/base-token-launches-zora-clanker) (dashboard, planned): How many tokens launch on Base each day through Zora and Clanker, and how much do they trade?
- [Biggest Bridge Hacks, Ranked by Losses and What Failed](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/biggest-bridge-hacks) (table, planned): Which cross-chain bridges have been hacked for the most, and what failed in each: keys, verification or code?
- [Gas Spent Calculator: Total Fees Paid by a Wallet](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/gas-spent-calculator) (table, planned): How much has this wallet paid in gas fees on each chain, and in each year?
- [Chainlink CCIP Tracker: Cross-Chain Messages and Token Transfers](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/chainlink-ccip-tracker) (dashboard, planned): How many messages and how much token value move over Chainlink CCIP, on which lanes and how fast are they delivered?
- [Stargate Bridge Tracker: Volume, Pools and Bus vs Taxi](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/stargate-bridge-tracker) (dashboard, planned): How much moves through the Stargate bridge on each route, by bus or by taxi, and how much liquidity backs it?
- [ETH Burn Leaderboard: Top Contracts by ETH Burned](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/eth-burn-leaderboard) (table, planned): Which contracts burned the most ETH in base fees and blob fees over the last day, week and month?
- [ERC-4337 Account Abstraction: UserOps and Paymasters](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/erc-4337-account-abstraction) (dashboard, planned): How many ERC-4337 UserOperations run each day on each chain, and how much of their gas do paymasters sponsor?
- [Multicall3, Permit2 and EntryPoint Addresses by Chain](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/multicall3-permit2-entrypoint-addresses) (table, planned): Is Multicall3, Permit2 or an ERC-4337 EntryPoint deployed on a given chain, at its usual address and with the expected code?
- [Ronin Network Stats: Transactions, Players and RON Gas](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/ronin-network-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is the Ronin network, which games drive it and where does its RON go?
- [Immutable zkEVM Stats: Transactions, Players and IMX Staking](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/immutable-zkevm-stats) (dashboard, planned): How active is Immutable's chain, how many players use Passport and what do IMX stakers earn?
- [Abstract Chain Stats: Transactions, Wallets and Apps](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/abstract-chain-stats) (dashboard, planned): How busy is Abstract, how many people sign up with its Global Wallet and who pays their gas?
- [Farcaster Stats: New Accounts, Storage Rent and App Keys](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/farcaster-registrations-storage) (dashboard, planned): How many Farcaster accounts are registered each day, what does storage cost and how many apps sign users in?
- [Hyperlane Tracker: Interchain Messages, Warp Routes and ISMs](https://voltfincrypto.com/apps/hyperlane-messages-warp-routes) (dashboard, planned): How many messages move over Hyperlane, which Warp Routes carry tokens and what security do they rely on?