Report · FolioPlanned

New Layer 1 Blockchains: Activity Since Mainnet

How much activity have the newest layer 1 chains kept since mainnet?

A quarterly report on the newest layer 1 chains, aligned by days since mainnet: senders kept, fees, stablecoins and contracts deployed.

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Blueprint

What the report will cover.

The report as it will open in Folio. Each figure is named here and arrives with its receipt; until its data is published, its place stays empty.

A quarterly edition, dated and cited

New Layer 1 Blockchains: Activity Since Mainnet

  1. The quarter in one table

    Each new chain on one line: days since mainnet, transactions, distinct senders, fees, stablecoin supply and new contracts, with the change from last quarter.

    • Days since mainnet per chain
    • Daily transactions, quarter average
    • Distinct senders, quarter average
    • Stablecoin supply at quarter end
  2. Activity by days since mainnet

    Each chain's daily senders and transactions drawn from its first mainnet block, so launches of different dates are compared at the same age, with first-month senders followed forward.

    • Distinct senders by day since mainnet
    • Share of first-month senders still active
    • Share of transactions from the largest senders
  3. Fees and who paid them

    Fees users paid on each chain, with sponsored transfers and gas paid in stablecoins shown apart, since payment chains waive or price fees differently.

    • Fees paid per chain
    • Share of sponsored transactions
    • Median fee per transaction
  4. Stablecoins on each chain

    Stablecoin supply on each chain at quarter end and its change through the quarter, native and bridged supply kept apart.

    • Stablecoin supply per chain
    • Change in stablecoin supply
  5. Contracts and builders

    New contracts and distinct deployers each quarter, a measure of building that does not depend on token prices.

    • New contracts per chain
    • Distinct deployers per chain
  6. Launch dates, definitions and receipts

    Each chain's mainnet date and first block, the rules used for activity and fees on each and the blocks that close the quarter.

About

What it answers, and for whom.

A new layer 1 often starts with a burst of activity from airdrop campaigns and launch incentives, and the question that follows is how much of it stays. This quarterly report follows the newest chains, among them Sonic, Berachain, HyperEVM, Plasma, Monad, Tempo and Arc, from the first block of each mainnet, with every chain measured on the same rules.

Chains are aligned by days since mainnet as well as by calendar date, so a chain that launched last month and one that launched last year can be read at the same age. Each edition covers activity and retention, fees, stablecoin supply and new contracts, and every figure is pinned to the last block of the quarter on its chain.

Method

How it will be measured.

Every figure will be read at a block, kept with its source and its exact read, and open a receipt anyone can re-check.

How receipts work →
  1. A chain's mainnet date is the timestamp of its first mainnet block, recorded with the block; days since mainnet count from it.
  2. Activity uses the same rules on every chain: successful transactions and distinct senders per UTC day, with sponsored transactions and transactions paying gas in stablecoins counted and shown apart.
  3. Retention follows each month's first-time senders forward and counts the share that send again in each later month.
  4. Stablecoin supply is each registry stablecoin's totalSupply() at the quarter's last block, and new contracts come from create and create2 calls in traces; every figure carries a receipt.

The data it needs

Read from chain state and history

  • chain_activity_dailyTo buildChain activity by dayTransactions, active sending addresses, new addresses, contracts created and gas used on each chain per day, counted from blocks and transactions.
  • chain_fees_dailyTo buildFees and gas by chainFees paid per chain per day in the native token: base fee and priority fee percentiles, total fees, and the share burned where the chain burns fees.
  • stablecoin_supply_dailyPublishedStablecoin supply by token and chainNative supply of each USD and EUR stablecoin on each covered chain at the chain's last block of each day, from totalSupply() reads, with bridged copies kept apart.
  • Each chain's first mainnet block, for its mainnet date
  • Daily transactions, distinct senders and fees since genesis per chain, from blocks and receipts
  • Sponsored and stablecoin-paid transactions, from paymaster and fee-token fields where each chain records them
  • totalSupply() of registry stablecoins on each chain at the quarter's last block
  • create and create2 calls in execution traces, for new contracts and their deployers
Questions

Questions people ask.

Which chains does the report cover?

Layer 1 chains whose mainnets launched recently and whose blocks can be read: general-purpose chains such as Monad, Berachain and Sonic, the HyperEVM side of Hyperliquid and chains built for stablecoin payments such as Plasma, Tempo and Arc. A chain joins once its mainnet produces blocks; testnets are left out.

Why align chains by days since mainnet?

Launch timing shapes the numbers. A chain in its first weeks carries airdrop farming and launch incentives that older chains have worked through, so comparing them on the same calendar day mixes different stages. Aligning by days since mainnet compares each chain at the same age.

How is retention measured?

From senders: of the addresses that sent a transaction in a chain's first month, the share that sent one again in each later month. Addresses are not people and bots are included, so the report also shows how concentrated activity is among the largest senders.

Are payment chains measured differently?

No, the rules are the same, but their designs change what the figures mean. Plasma sponsors simple USDT transfers, Tempo lets users pay fees in stablecoins and Arc uses USDC for gas, so the report shows sponsored and stablecoin-paid transactions apart rather than treating a free transfer as a paid one.

Does high activity mean a chain is succeeding?

Not on its own. Transactions can be produced cheaply by bots and incentive campaigns, so the report reads them beside retention, fees paid and stablecoin supply, which cost more to fake. It describes usage; it does not rank chains or recommend any of them.

Mainnet
A chain's production network, where its native token and transactions carry real value; testnets are left out of the report.
Retention
The share of a month's first-time senders that send again in a later month.
Sponsored transaction
A transaction whose fee is paid by someone other than the sender, such as a protocol paymaster for simple stablecoin transfers.

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